The Justification Of Nazi Officer s Actions During World...

Everyone has been there before. You re walking in public, whether it be in a school setting, a workplace, or elsewhere, and you feel an overwhelming feeling of being watched and judged. Whether it is your dabblings in romance, performance in sports events, clothing, or otherwise, we feel the need to compare ourselves to and identify with the societal â€Å"norms† around us. It is better to thrive as a sheep than to starve as a wolf, as the saying goes. This is what is known as conformity and it has been with us from time immemorial. In 1963, Stanley Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University investigated the conflict of consciousness and morality, their clash with the desire to follow directions. Milgram wanted to explore the justifications of†¦show more content†¦The control panel was adorned with 30 switches, labeled from 15 volts or a slight shock to 450 volts, which was labeled â€Å"XXX†, implying a lethal dose of voltage. However, the voltage was labeled incorrectly and inflated as to intimidate the subject. As the rooms were adjacent, the subject could hear Milgram’s colleagues cry out in agony when they were shocked, and the subject began to start questioning the researcher about the condition of their â€Å"student† and asked, and eventually demanded that they could leave. Each time, the researcher would provide a prod to continue forth. If one prod was disobeyed, then the researcher would escalate to the next prod. The prods were â€Å"1. Please continue.†, 2. †Å"The experiment requires that you continue.†, 3. â€Å"It is absolutely essential that you continue.†, and 4. â€Å"You have no other choice than to continue.† After eighteen variations on the study, Milgram found that 65% of all participants continued to the supposed 450 volts and all participants went to at least 300 volts. Milgram concluded that ordinary people tend to follow an authority figure in a group, even to the torture and killing of a human being, if the authority’s actions seem to be rooted in correct morality and/or legality. In Psychology, this is what as known as â€Å"prestige suggestion†. After World War II, Milgram’s overseer duringShow MoreRelatedThe Holocaust : The Destruction Of The Jews1717 Words   |  7 Pagesinferior (The Holocaust Chronicle Appendices). The Holocaust began with the boycott of Jewish businesses, and ended in camps such as Auschwitz. The destruction of the Jews was made possibly with the rise of Adolf Hitler to power, as he and his fellow Nazi followers attempted to exterminate the Jewish populace of Europe. In the paragraphs to follow I will attempt to explain the reasons, as well as the implications of the Holocaust. 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Some critics praised its raunchy humor and depiction of war, in all of its gruesome detail. Others loathed its seemingly nonsensical plot structure and repetitiveness. Heller, born in 1923, was part of the â€Å"G.I. Generation† and served during World War IIRead MoreWw2 and Its Influences in the Bosnian Genocide4761 Words   |  20 PagesHistory World War II and the Bosnian Genocide of 1992-1995 Research Question: To what extent did the Axis occupation of Yugoslavia influence the Bosnian Genocide of 1992-1995? Name: Topias Hokkanen Candidate number: 03939051 Session: May 2012 School: Coppell High School Supervisor: Michael Cook Word count: 3,847 Abstract This extended essay deals with the Bosnian Genocide from 1992-1995, where the Bosnian Serb army committed various acts of war crimes towardsRead MoreThe First World War I2127 Words   |  9 PagesSecond World War will always be remembered as the â€Å"Good War,† the one that had to be fought to stop both Adolph Hitler’s intent to spread Nazism and his then-unknown plans for the purification of the human race. However, some do not know what went into that war. For instance, many do not know the real injustices Germany faced at the hands of the Allies at the Treaty of Versailles; others may not have given much thought to how both sides prepared, or did not prepare, for the next potential war whileRead MoreThe Most Important Factor that Contributes to Evil Doing Essay4266 Words   |  18 Pagescommitted inconceivable and unthinkable acts of cruelty towards one another. From the brutal wars during the times of the ancient Greeks and Romans, to the modern area of ethni c cleansing and genocide one cannot help but wonder what is the root cause of this evil. Unthinkable numbers of human life has been lost in every corner of the world from the genocides in Armenia and Nazi Germany to the guerilla wars in Vietnam and Cambodia and presently to the devastating conflicts in the former YugoslaviaRead MoreThe Perpetrators : Killers, Victims, Or Both?2367 Words   |  10 PagesMatthew Weiler D Track Modern World History Ms. McKellar 2-13-15 The Perpetrators: Killers, Victims, or Both? German dictator Adolf Hitler once declared in his autobiography, Mein Kampf, that if the Third Reich was to achieve its goal of purifying the Aryan race, then â€Å"the blood of the victims is to be tapped by force† (The Persecution of the Jews ). Describing the Jewish tradition of Passover as a â€Å"ritual murder,† Hitler spread his propaganda campaign of hate and anti-semitism to the German peopleRead Moreobeying orders2555 Words   |  11 PagesOrders Im here to talk on the importance of obeying orders. 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The Problem Of Depression Programs - 849 Words

Which brings us to what schools are currently doing, which they rarely implement the ideal practice causing problems overall. As stated previously, schools have a tendency to treat these issues as independent problems causing the institution to spend an abundance of money on multiple programs when one or two would suffice. This attempt to penny pinch has lead schools to implement programs such as late starts (one day every two weeks or month that has a later start time) and sleep education (that tries to teach students about sleep so they go to bed earlier) (). In both cases, the programs pull on part of the suggested action (delayed stat times, educating students) but do it in a way (inconsistent, fully on the student) that prevents the program from being as effective. In some cases, such as temporary late start times, it makes the problem worse (). The same can be seen for the other two. Depression programs are either put fully on the teachers or one counselor so they cannot give a dequate support because of lack of knowledge or time, or they are pushed out-of-school by having students redirected to community resources which they might not be able to offered or use. Again, the school is trying to bring in parts of the ideal (get teachers involved, use community resources). It is being done in a way that diminishes or destroys any positive effects. There is an exception with dropouts as many school feel they need to implement stronger programs then the ideal. Making testShow MoreRelatedThe Rate Of Children Between The Ages Of Five960 Words   |  4 Pagesproposed program will be help increase the rate of children between the ages of five to seventeen manage their depression well. Objective There will be eighty five percent of children that will attend this program. 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Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected in 1933 and gave a promising speech in his inaugural address. In his speech he stated, â€Å"A host of unemployed citizens face the grim problems of existence and an equally great number of toils with

Large Parallel Processing Systems Architecture Essay Free Essays

string(67) " so determined conditionally harmonizing to the direction decoded\." Today it would be seen as a parallel processing tile from which to construct big parallel treating systems. Transputer like architectures are now the average watercourse of parallel computer science. It was seen in many different ways, depending on the point of view and cognition of the individual sing it. We will write a custom essay sample on Large Parallel Processing Systems Architecture Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Where Inmos started from when making the transputer was embodied in the name, derived from trans, intending across, with the postfix ‘puter, from computing machine. The thought was that applications were progressively affecting flows of informations instead than necessitating more structured activities on predefined sets of informations, as are characteristic of a â€Å" normal † computing machine. This was the thought that was making the digital signal processor ( DSP ) . But where a DSP takes informations in from a beginning, processes it, and passes it on, the transputer had four channels of bi-directional communicating, or links. That made it simple to construct a planar array, each transputer associating to four neighbours. Introduction The transputer was an advanced computing machine design of the 1980s from INMOS, a British semiconducting material company based in Bristol. Transputer was the first individual bit computing machine designed for message passing multiprocessor systems.When the transputer was foremost reviled, many thought this exceeding construct should be the following revolution in microprocessor engineering. As you may already hold guessed, things did n’t go on as expected: today, the transputer this interesting bit has mostly forgotten, but it is indispensable to compose about it on this paper. TRANSPUTER ARCHITECTURE: First coevals of them are 16 spot transputers: T212, T222, T225 ( The 212 ran at 20MHz both the T222 and T225 ran at 20MHz. ) ; 32 spot transputers without a drifting unit: T400, T414, T425, T426 ( the T414 was available in 15 and 20MHz assortments, T425 in 20, 25 and 30MHz assortments ) ; 32 spot transputers with a drifting unit: T800, T801, T805 ( the T805 was besides subsequently available as a 30MHz portion. All have the same direction sets, the same architecture and to the full compatible communications links. Second Generation 64 spot transputer with a drifting unit: T9000. Although the architecture is the same, it is a new design and is really more complex bit than its predecessors. All the transputers except T9000 has indistinguishable architecture. The internal coach connects the processor to local memory and to an external memory interface. The communicating links are connected to the coach by an interface. This makes it possible for the processor to work independent of the links. Depending on the type of transputer, the drifting point unit and other system services are besides connected to this coach. In figure1 T805 is the celebrated one. It consists of a conventional, RISC processor, a communicating subsystem, four Kb of on-chip RAM, four high-velocity inter-processor links and a memory interface, system services and a floating point. These functional units will briefly explains in the undermentioned subdivisions. The procedure: A procedure on the transputer is described by several pieces of information, such as workspace, registries, plan and precedence. Such a procedure does non hold to be a consecutive procedure but can besides dwell of several sub procedures. The procedures on the transputer can be separated in two classs: Active procedures: is a procedure which is executed or which is waiting for the following to be executed. Inactive procedures: is a procedure which is suspended at specific clip or which is waiting for inter procedure communicating. 2 Registers: â€Å" The transputer has a little figure of registries, a workspace registry ( Wreg ) , an direction arrow ( Iptr ) , an operand registry ( Oerg ) and a three registry rating stack ( Areg, Breg, and Creg ) † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.com.qa/books? id=zroYqxO9o3IC A ; pg=PA16 A ; lpg=PA16 A ; dq=Instruction+pointer, operand+register, workspace+register A ; source=bl A ; ots=fiv2ktQmIW A ; sig=AYGCR5W73DgjhP_TsIxyKS6HLkw A ; hl=ar A ; ei=IeIXS_jgIM2IkAXqo8TjAw A ; sa=X A ; oi=book_result A ; ct=result A ; resnum=5 A ; ved=0CBwQ6AEwBA # v=onepage A ; q=Instruction % 20pointer % 2Coperand % 20register % 2Cworkspace % 20register A ; f=false ) . The registries Areg, Breg, Creg are used as a stack, instead like early reckoners, to keep intermediate consequences. The registries Areg, Breg and Creg form a stack. Every direction notionally pops off the stack the points that it is traveling to work on, so pushes its consequence back onto the stack. This stack agreement is what allows most of the instructions to hold no operands. The agreement is like some programmable reckoner linguistic communications ( though such linguistic communications are much more limited ) † hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cs.bris.ac.uk/~ian/transput/page3.htm, † . There is no protection against forcing excessively many values on the stack that it overflows. ( It is left to compilers and assembly codification authors. ) .These characteristics leads to simplified registry connexion, compact instructions, faster register entree. Iptr, Wreg, Oreg: These are called consecutive control registries: Direction arrow ( Iptr ) , holds the reference of the following direction. Workspace registry ( Wreg ) , holds the workspace arrow ( Wptr ) which is the reference an country of memory called the local workspace. Operand registry ( Oreg ) , holds the operand for the current direction. It ca n’t be straight loaded from ( or stored in ) the informations portion of the memory Direction Set: All the transputers have the same direction format. Instruction Fetch State In order to bring the direction to be executed following: Iptr must be selected to Input for the reference coach in which Iptr contains the reference for the following direction, memory must be selected to the beginning for the information coach since the reference to be executed following which is kept in Iptr must loaded on the reference coach, Ireg must be set to the end product finish for the information coach, and the following reference of the micro-code ROM must be set to 0x001 to travel to the direction decode province. The specification is given in this province and is described in the micro-code ROM at reference 0x000.. Direction Decode State The contents of four higher spots of Ireg or Oreg 32bit are used to stipulate the following direction to be done. The following reference of the micro-code ROM is so determined conditionally harmonizing to the direction decoded. You read "Large Parallel Processing Systems Architecture Essay" in category "Essay examples" Instruction Execution State If the direction to be executed is finished in one province passage, so the following province will be back to the Instruction Fetch. Alternatively if the direction needs other provinces to finish, so the following reference for the micro-code ROM is an appropriate 1 for the following province. Floating Point Unit of measurement: â€Å" It is about independent of the remainder of the bit. It has its ain internal registries, separate from the registries used by whole number operation.It execute instructions to execute drifting point arithmetic operations, including platitude operation such as add-on or generation, and more complicated operations such as rating of some nonnatural maps like sine or logarithm † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.com.qa/books? id=I2TCERgkcCgC A ; pg=PA304 A ; lpg=PA304 A ; dq=floating+point+unit+has+own+stack A ; source=bl A ; ots=cVSlbfR1Av A ; sig=HdSpHb79OdVrp4QfRpkXyso-05I A ; hl=ar A ; ei=OFUZS5SuMM2TkAXbx4XfAw A ; sa=X A ; oi=book_result A ; ct=result A ; resnum=6 A ; ved=0CCEQ6AEwBQ # v=onepage A ; q=floating % 20point % 20unit % 20has % 20own % 20stack A ; f=false ) . It has its ain development stack registries FAreg, FBreg, FCreg. There are 53 floating-point instructions. High degree programming linguistic communication to plan is strongly advised instead than assembly. It bases IEEE criterions for the natation point format, operations and consequences: For the 32 spot Numberss ; 1 spot for mark, 8 spot for advocate, 23 spot for fixed-point part. For the 64 spot Numberss ; 1 spot for mark, 11 spots for advocate, 52 spots for fixed-point part. It besides supports such consequences Inf ( space ) , NaN ( non a figure and non defined ) . Timers: â€Å" The transputer has two timers, one that gives a tick every microsecond and one that gives a tick every 64 microseconds ( for the 20 MHz T414 ) . This can be considered another incommodiousness because the two timers are associated with a degree of precedence. Low-priority procedures can non utilize the high-resolution timer. This means it can go on that processes run needlessly in high-priority, all because of the fact they have to utilize the high-resolution timer † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //74.125.153.132/search? q=cache: RID6_SK4ugEJ: www.science.uva.nl/~mes/psdocs/transputers.ps.gz+The+transputer+has+two+timers A ; cd=6 A ; hl=ar A ; ct=clnk A ; gl=qa, Transputer, Jacco de Leeuw Arjan de Mes, October 1992 ) . System Servicess: â€Å" On all INMOS board merchandises the term ‘system services ‘ refers to the aggregation of the reset, analyse, and mistake signals. On the IMS B008 the system services for the TRAM in slot 0 can be connected to either the UP system services from another board or the system services controlled by the Personal computer coach interface. System services for the other TRAMs can be connected to the same beginning as TRAM 0 or to the subsystem port of TRAM 0. As shown in the block diagram the Down and Subsystem services are brought out to the 37 manner D-type connection leting this hierachy to be extended to multi board systems † . ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.classiccmp.org/transputer/documentation/inmos/1861.pdf ) Link: ( Communication between procedures on the transputer is performed by two instructions input message and end product message. The communicating which is supported is a point-to-point, unbuffered message-passing strategy. It therefore requires a handshaking between procedures, which synchronises them. Communications over these links are controlled by independent accountants, which have DMA entree to the transputers memory ) ( hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.com.qa/books? id=6HcBQ67-Fb4C A ; pg=PA358 A ; lpg=PA358 A ; dq=The+INMOS+Link+ % 2BDMA A ; source=bl A ; ots=esMJ1tFuhv A ; sig=7nu_kxm48ARMoIoerKLu4uMhVq8 A ; hl=ar A ; ei=kmAZS_GjAoqUkAWVpuDQAw A ; sa=X A ; oi=book_result A ; ct=result A ; resnum=3 A ; ved=0CBUQ6AEwAg # v=onepage A ; q=The % 20INMOS % 20Link % 20 % 2BDMA A ; f=false ) . They are highly flexible and can be used for, interfacing with peripherals utilizing a nexus adapter, an ASIC ( Application specific integrated circuit ) bit can utilize a nexus to read and compose straight into a transputer memory at high velocity, most common to speak to another processor, normally anther transputer. Link Communication The hardware connexion of links is simple, short distances. Linkss are consecutive port. if you see the figure for each nexus connexion merely two paths are required. In transputer the processor and four links have independent entree to the memory. The processor sets up a nexus and after that it freedom to put to death other codification while dedicated nexus logic handles the communicating. All these four links can be outputting and inputting while the processor is running codification. Of class there may a job with bandwidth when processor and all links entree memory at the same clip. Because the links designed the transputer do non necessitate to be synchronized in order to speak each other. T9000 Second Coevals: â€Å" The T9000 is the latest coevals of Transputers from INMOS. It represents an betterment on the bing coevals of transputer merchandises in both capableness and public presentation. The T9000 extends the transputer architecture in a figure of ways. The most of import of these is that the T9000 transputer decouples the physical connec-tivity of a system from its logical connectivity. Between any two straight connected T9000 transputers. there may be established an about limitless figure of The T9000 nexus system besides enables transputers to be connected via a web of C104 package routers which allows practical channels to be established from any transputer to any figure of other transputers. Other extensions of the architec- ture include the sweetening of the procedure theoretical account to supply per-process mistake handling installations and the ability to run plans under memory manage- ment.The T9000 has approximately ten times the public presentation of a T805. This betterment derives from a assortment of beginnings including the usage of caching, betterments in semiconducting material engineering, and a extremely pipelined, superscalar processor † . ( hypertext transfer protocol: //74.125.153.132/search? q=cache: hxPXQT2PHZUJ: wotug.ukc.ac.uk/parallel/vendors/inmos/T9000/T9000.ps.Z+T9000+Transputer A ; cd=3 A ; hl=ar A ; ct=clnk A ; gl=qa, The, T9000 Transputer ) â€Å" It has a 32-bit pipelined processor with a 64-bit FPU and 16 Kbytes of cache. There are four bi-directional consecutive informations links and a Virtual Channel Processor ( VCP ) leting efficient T9000-to-T9000 communications. These constituents are combined onto a individual incorporate circuit † . ( hypertext transfer protocol: //hsi.web.cern.ch/HSI/dshs/publications/t9paper/T9paper_3.html, 09 NOV 95, The Application of the T9000 Transputer to the CPLEAR experiment at CERN ) Figures: Decision: Mentions: Transputer Application, M.Jane et. , Eds. IOS Press,1992 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articlesbase.com/hardware-articles/do-you-know-what-a-transputer-is-305058.html, Do you Know What a Transputer Is? Jan 15th, 2008, Jos Kirps ttp: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transputer # T2: _16-bit hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.com.qa/books? id=zroYqxO9o3IC A ; pg=PA16 A ; lpg=PA16 A ; dq=Instruction+pointer, operand+register, workspace+register A ; source=bl A ; ots=fiv2ktQmIW A ; sig=AYGCR5W73DgjhP_TsIxyKS6HLkw A ; hl=ar A ; ei=IeIXS_jgIM2IkAXqo8TjAw A ; sa=X A ; oi=book_result A ; ct=result A ; resnum=5 A ; ved=0CBwQ6AEwBA # v=onepage A ; q=Instruction % 20pointer % 2Coperand % 20register % 2Cworkspace % 20register A ; f=false How to cite Large Parallel Processing Systems Architecture Essay, Essay examples

Dominant Culture in America free essay sample

A dominant culture is one that is able through economic or political power, to impose its values, language and ways of behaving on a subordinate culture or cultures. This may be achieved by monopolizing the media and means of communication.? I would say the dominant culture in America is the pop culture. Pop culture influences the way we dress and even the way we talk. A lot of young people talk with slang words that their grandparents wouldn’t even understand. Pop culture affects everything we do, even the way we learn. We now have all these computers and gadgets to assist us in learning. Communicating with each other has been made so simple. We are constantly in touch with each other through Facebook and Twitter. Cellphones and texting make talking to one another so convenient. There is even a new written text language. Through computers and the internet, with the push of a button we can communicate with the whole world. We will write a custom essay sample on Dominant Culture in America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pop culture rules through the media, we are constantly bombarded by a generalized idea of how we should be, and how we should act. The media leads people to think they should look a certain way or act a certain way even though they don’t necessarily want to or feel comfortable doing so. Young people, women especially feel the need to be a certain weight or wear a specific size. Pop culture has even influenced diet. There are many diet fads that become quite popular, such as the Atkins diet, that people turn to and try in order to change their physical body to meet the popular standard. On the flip side of diet, pop culture has even influenced what we eat in a negative way. Pop star endorsed fast food restaurants have made picking up food so appealing and so easy that many Americans have become overweight. We are so numb to the fact that pop culture is leading our lives whether we want it to or not. The popular culture is a dominant culture due to the fact that it overpowers other cultural values and behaviors in America today.

Marxist theory Essays (2487 words) - Socialism, Marxist Theory

The latter part of the nineteenth century was teeming with evolved social and economical ideas. These views of the social structure of urban society came about through the development of ideals taken from past revolutions and the present clash of individuals and organized assemblies. As the Industrial Revolution steamed ahead paving the way for growing commerce, so did the widening gap between the class structure which so predominantly grasped the populace and their rights within the community. The development of a capitalist society was a very favorable goal in the eyes of the bourgeoisie. Using advancing methods of production within a system of free trade, the ruling middle class were strategically able to earn a substantial surplus of funds and maintain their present class of life. Thus, with the advancement of industry and the bourgeoisie's gain of wealth, a counter-action was undoubtedly taking place. The resultant was the degradation of the working-class, of the proletarians wh om provided labor to a middle-class only to be exploited in doing so. Exploitation is a quarrel between social groups that has been around since the dawn of mankind itself. The persecution of one class by another has historically allowed the advancement of mankind to continue. These clashes, whether ending with positive or negative results, allow Man to evolve as a species, defining Himself within the social structure of nature. Man's rivalry amongst one another allows for this evolution, through the production of something which is different, not necessarily productive, but differing from the present norm and untried through previous epochs. At this time in history, mankind was moving forward very rapidly, but at the price of the working-class. Wages were given sparsely, and when capital gain improved, the money paid for labor did not reflect this prosperity. This, therefore, accelerated the downfall of the proletarians and progressed towards a justifiable revolt against the oppressive middle class. The conclusion of this revolt was envisioned to be a classless society, one in which its people benefit from and that benefits from its people. The overthrow of capitalism would create a socialist society eventually flourishing into communism. Karl Heinrich Marx (1818 - 1883) was the philosophical analysis who created communism and saw it as an achievable goal. Marx denounced religion and created what were thought to be radical ideas, which resulted in the banishment from his native land of Germany and then France, eventually ending up in England. (Compton's Encyclopedia, 121) Through dialectical processing Marx was able to s ynthesize a theory of a classless society. This society would be achievable through the joint union of the proletarians and overthrow of the governing bourgeois. For the working-class man does not benefit from the labor which he provides. His labor is external to himself and is not actually belonging to his essential being. Therefore in work, the proletarian denies himself and does not validate his worthiness as an individual.(Marx from Haberman, 183) The worker has no existence except to work, which furthers the employer, but degrades the laborer and eventually results in a grasping individual. Marx realized that with the unification of the working-class, they would be able to better themselves and their lives, and in doing so, better society on the whole. The aspiration to achieve this was purely theoretical and though Marx felt attainable, it was undoubtedly flawed. The communist ideals are purely a utopian dream which cannot be reached because of humans? inescapable desire to satisfy their own egos. A proletarian society would not remain harmonious without individuals seeking personal satisfaction, and without a governing body chaos would result, paving a road which would lead to totalitarianism. Marx's views were of the proletarian class rising to crush the bourgeois ideals which governed their lives. This would result in a proletarian dictatorship, through which ends would have to be met in order to rid the community of the existing means of production and prosperity. The abolition of private property would be achieved by ridding the bourgeoisie's ownership of lands, a nd allowing them to be publicized. This would enable the removal of selfish individualism which splits society into segregated portions, and allow the rich and poor to become more economically equal in status. This however is only partially attainable,

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows and Courage Essay Example

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows and Courage Essay Example Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows and Courage Essay Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows and Courage Essay Courage In most stories, there is always the hero whom is not afraid to face challenges and defeat the bad guy. That hero is acting out of courage. They do whatever they can to save the day, regardless of what may happen to them. This is what most people think of when they hear the word courage, but to me, it is this and so, so much more. Courage is not knowing what the outcome might be, and still going through with that plan. Courage is standing up for what is right, regardless of what those consequences might be. Courage is daring, bravery, nerve, and valor. Its facing your fears and conquering your demons. Its the strength you have to keep going when you Just want to give up. Courage is more than Just physical bravery, it is something that comes from within. Courage reminds me of the books I grew up reading where good always conquers evil. One series in particular, Harry Potter, comes to mind when I think of courage. I think of the Harry Potter series when I think of courage because there are so many characters in those books that exemplify what it truly means to be brave and courageous. Three characters come to mind when I think of courage in the last book in the series. The first character is Neville Longbottom. : Throughout the series, readers watch his character grow from this shy young boy, into a man who stands up to the darkest wizard of all time. When everyone else was ready to give up, he spoke out against Voldemort saying he wouldnt stop fghting. That took an immense amount of courage to do. The second character I think about when I think of courage is Severus Snape. Throughout the books he is portrayed as a dark and mysterious man, and readers are often led to believe he is evil up until the last book. In the Deathly Hallows, readers come to learn that Snape had been protecting Harry the ntire time. Snape had been Jeopardizing his own life to save Harry, knowing he might face a fatal death if he was ever caught being a double agent by Voldemort. This shows him as being courageous because he risked his life to save another mans life. Last but not least, I think of Harry Potter when I think of courage. His entire character is comprised of him acting out of courage. Every book in the series has his character doing something courageous. He overcomes every obstacle thrown at him, and saves the wizarding world in the end. Though I do think of these things when I hink of courage, there is more to courage than being the hero in a story. Acting impulsively takes courage. When you dont know what the outcome will be, and you still continue on with what you are doing, you are acting out of courage. Being courageous is going on an adventure, or being daring enough to try something new. Trying new foods takes courage, and so does making new friends. Courage is taking a chance every once in a while. Courage is taking a step forward and not knowing where you might end up. Courage is standing up for what you believe to be right and not caring about the consequences. It is taking a chance by facing opposition knowing you could be persecuted for it. Courage is acting in accordance stand your ground and keep fghting for what is right, though others run away. When I was a Junior in high school, kids used to always pick on this kid names Alex for being special Ed. I had never paid much attention until one day I could actually hear them making fun of him. The worst part to me had been he didnt even realize they were doing it. I ended up confronting them and the kids were so shocked that they had no idea how to respond. I stood up for this kid that I had never had a conversation with n my life because I felt it was the right thing to do. I didnt care what would happen in return, I Just wanted them to stop bullying the kid. The kids ended up leaving him alone and avoiding me, and I never saw them bully anyone after that. To me, that took a great amount of courage because I knew there was a chance they would bully me afterword, but all that mattered was that I kept them from bullying Alex. In the first paragraph I chose the words bravery, daring, nerve, and valor to say what courage is. Bravery to me is a willingness to face dangers that may come into your life without fear. In this way I feel courage and bravery can almost be synonymous. And one who has courage, or is brave, tends to be daring as well. To be daring is to be adventuresome, and to be daring is to also be bold. A daring person has the nerve to do the things others are too afraid to attempt. A daring person also has valor. Valor also goes hand in hand with courage because it is what enables a person to face a challenge or danger in their life with a firmness. All of these words relate to courage because a courageous person encompasses these things within them as well. Sometimes the hardest thing to do is facing your fears. Most people opt to take the easy way out, running away. But those people who face their fears head on, and conquer them, are courageous. They overcame something that frightened them, and that is never an easy thing to do. It is one thing to be fearless, and another to overcome a fear. If a person is fearless, there is no courage present in the first place. Courage is facing your inner demon and not backing down. Courage is strength. Courage is standing up to your enemies, and standing up to your friends. Courage is the ability to admit you are wrong, and ask what the right answer is. Courage is alking to a new person even though you have social anxiety. Courage is the fght within us that keeps us pushing past our fears, and enables us to overcome them and learn from them. It is moving forward, passing through the pit stops in your life, overcoming the obstacles, taking those chances while you still have them. Courage is knowing you made mistakes and learning from them. Courage is not the absence of fear, but the conquering of it. Courage is having fears and anxiety pushing past them to better yourself. Courage is what gives us the strength to keep going when we Just want to give up. It is the fght we have imbedded in us to overcome anything that gets in our way. It is something that comes from within us and it is part of what makes us who we are. Courage is what keeps us going. It takes courage to keep moving forward when life gets rough, and it takes courage to take chances in life. Most things in life require us to be courageous at some point or another. For some people it takes courage to ask a girl on a date, for others, its as easy as snapping their fingers. Courage is different for every person. When I think of courage, I think of a little kid who is going to their first do. And that takes courage.

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 106

Discussion - Assignment Example Furthermore, he used the information to interfere with firm’s financial information leading to financial problems. As presented, Mr. Disgraces interferes with the codes of conduct and interferes with his expert power. However, the situation is confusing since he uses his expertise to handle the situation though one may argue that he violated the codes of conduct. The factor that makes it difficult to determine whether the power has been used ethically is that he uses his expertise. Without the knowledge, one can’t handle the situation. Paul, an employer, forces his employees to work overtime without overtime payment. Out of the research, the work has been confirmed to take ten hours to complete. However, Paul forces his employees to work for the employees to complete the work within eight hours. The eight hours is less for the work, and the employees have to overwork for the two hours without payment for

John Stuart Mill's view of the Iraqi War Term Paper

John Stuart Mill's view of the Iraqi War - Term Paper Example This essay discusses that thus, in case America intended to depose tyrannical regime of Hussein, the opponents can decrease their moral estimation of the American government. Moreover, in case of intervention had no underlying principles of humanitarian intervention, then there is a need to criticize coalition and make them pay for their errors and it is no way to discard a humanitarian basis of war.The intent of war was to liberate people from the suppressing of the tyranny. Finally, America copes with that goal and tyrant was removed. Iraqi people had a chance to see perspectives of freedom, an open way to liberty. This intent was underlined by the members of Coalition and Hussein had to pay for his erroneous and inhumane behavior and committing crimes against humanity. To set freedom and liberty principles is the most important task of the government. In case a nation is suppressed and is willing to freedom, there is a need to fight against suppression for independent thinking, fr eedom of choice and liberty. As far as we can see, Mill’s doctrine is profound and it is taken by proponents of American intervention to Iraq as the one supporting their humanitarian intervention and at the same time, opponents refer to Mill’s doctrine, as to the one, which criticizes American intervention to Iraq. Actually, different things in the world can be interpreted in different manners. It is an important philosophical skill to interpret different phenomena from negative and positive prospects.... Nevertheless, Mill’s consideration is relevant to the modern context and there is no need for a severe criticism, but rather for the appraisal and analysis of current political situations, military conflicts or wars in the world. Contemporaries would definitely concentrate their attention on Mill’s restriction between the liberties of individuals and social groups. The philosophical questions about the relevance and domination of different social values fit to the discussion about American politics during the war in Iraq (Schauer, 2005). Mill made an emphasis on moral abstraction from societal norms and doctrines and he enabled his readers to think. Modern generation can definitely borrow many Mill’s ideas and apply them not only for the discussions about wars, but also use them in their daily lives, because global thinking leads to better daily actions. In his work On Liberty  Mill wanted to defend a freedom of an individual. The mechanisms of behavioral templ ates creation and transformation of norms of morality are described by Mill. The set moral values are not bad, because they are bad, but because they are established and usually imposed on citizens. In other words, the main argument of Mill considered neglect of the â€Å"despotism of custom† (Mill, Chapter 3). Utilitarian ideas of Mill were reflected in his philosophy. He gives a broad consideration to the individual’s benefits for the society. He is much focused on liberties of an individual, but he claims that an individual should be useful for the society. Every individual should work hard in order to reach happiness in the society, because happiness in the society leads to a moral end.

Globalization of Starbucks Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Globalization of Starbucks - Case Study Example Not only would the shop serve coffee, but also sell pastries, cakes and tea in an environment that provides a memorable experience. This transformation of the Italian coffee experience to the Starbucks of America tells us that ideas can be used across borders to strengthen the foundations of international business. If an Italian idea can appeal so strongly to an American, the same experience can very well indeed touch the lives of millions of coffee consumers in Asia, Africa or Australia. 2. What drove Starbucks to start expanding internationally? How is the company creating value for its shareholders by pursuing an international expansion strategy? Starbucks achieved phenomenal success in the United States of America, with over seven hundred stores all across the country by the year 1995. Being a country that is home to multitudes of multiethnic crowds all over the world, the success of Starbucks in America was an indication that the Starbucks experience was enjoyed by all, regardle ss of race, gender or ethnicity. This became the encouragement for Starbucks to venture into the international market. By spreading its operations globally, the company is not only minimizing risk, but also maximizing profits, both of which add increased value for the shareholders of the company (Rappaport). Additionally, dealing in the global market adds the value attached to dealing with foreign exchange, which implicitly results in a stronger portfolio for the individual who chooses to invest in a multinational company. 3. Why do you think Starbucks decided to enter the Japanese market via a joint venture with a Japanese company? What lesson can you draw from this? It was through penetrating the Japanese market that Starbucks set out on its first venture in to the international arena. Though confident of its success within America, the company could not be entirely sure of a similar success in other parts of the world. To reduce the risks of a prospective failure, Starbucks chose to commit to a joint partnership, in which the local Japanese retailer, Sazaby Inc., would share both the profits and losses of the joint venture. This was a wise and long sighted step on part of Starbucks, which showed that the prospect of loss should never be underestimated in the world of business. Apart from the financial aspect involved in making such a decision, the social and cultural aspects involved must also be taken into consideration. As an American company setting up business in Japan, Starbucks chose to hire Japanese employees working in its outlets, thus reducing a sense of alienation in the coffee experience Starbucks wished to sell. 4. Is Starbucks a force for globalization? Explain your answer. Starbucks has indeed proved itself to be one of the pioneers in the world of modern international commerce. Beginning with a humble start in Seattle, the company’s rise to success is inspiring to say the least. The success of Starbucks has taken the route of globaliz ation to reach this stage, and today, the word Starbucks has become symbolically synonymous to a laid back coffee experience in a uniquely relaxing ambiance. This is indeed one of the many effects of globalization, where a good or service can mean the same thing, regardless of their ethnic or geographic origin. On the other hand, the downside of globalization has also followed Starbucks, often in the form of international competitors, who duplicate the Starbucks coffee experience and offer it to

Tackling Problem Behaviour in Classrooms | Case Study

Tackling Problem Behaviour in Classrooms | Case Study Single Subject Design Abstract The following addresses the case study level C, case 2. It concludes on how to tackle problem behavior faced by teachers in class rooms through single subject research designs and offers a few solutions on how to counter act them. Dependent Variable The dependent variables (DV) in this case are two specific behaviors demonstrated by Rachel, which are: Not raising her hand before answering a question Unnecessarily communicating with her peers during class lecture Independent Variable The independent variable (IV) will be the response of the teachers to Rachel’s problematic behavior, that is how they reprimand her and the corrective measures they take to correct her behavior in class so that she learns to follow the class room norms and maintain discipline and abides by the rules similar to her peers. Behavior Which Needs To Be Changed Rachel demonstrates two sets of behavior related to disturbing classroom discipline which she needs to rectify in order to maintain the decorum of the class room. Firstly, Rachel needs to learn to raise her hand before answering questions asked by her teachers during comprehension and reading activities like everyone else instead of just blurting out answers without being called upon or waiting her turn. Secondly, she must learn not to pass notes to her friends or talk to her peers during class unnecessarily and pay attention to the lecture and focus on what is being taught. Single Subject Research Designs (SSRD) In SSRD, basically, the participant is passed through a non-treatment (baseline) and a treatment (experimental condition) phase and his performance is identified during each phase. Since Rachel is the only one in her class demonstrating problem behavior, she will be the only test subject and will act as her own control group. In this type of design a non-treatment stage is first initiated till the performance in question validates steadiness. When the behavior becomes steady, the treatment stage is started. Since Rachel’s obtrusive behavior is already very consistent we can move on to the next phase in our research design. Based on the data collected through direct observation of Rachel’s behavior, in Mr. Smith and Mrs. Patel’s biology class during reading and comprehension activities, and the personal insight of the observer a treatment plan for Rachel will be developed as a corrective measure for her behavior. The behavior in demand, the dependent variable in the experiment, that is, Rachel not raising her hand before answering a question and passing notes to her friends in class and talking to her peers will be measured through appropriate data collection methods. In this scenario event recording (frequency of the target behavior is noted with each one having a specific beginning and end) and interval recording (observation of an individual during specified observation periods divided into equal time intervals) will be most appropriate. The observer has to be discrete while collecting data so that the subject remains unaware that he/she is being observed as this might cause them to bec ome cautious and change their pattern of behavior causing distortion in the data collected leading to incorrect results. It is always wiser to assess a group of students than a single individual as to ward off suspicion. (Sachse-Lee) The event recording chart shows on which specific occasions Rachel has spoken out of turn in class and on which ones she waited to be called on. A written record provides an actual proof of her behavior and provides a justification for taking corrective measures against her actions. The interval recording chart shows how many times the problem behavior has occurred over a specific period of time. If the frequency of occurrence of problem behavior is greater than what otherwise might be considered normal, it calls for corrective measures to be taken to correct the situation, which is the case for Rachel. The results of a single subject experiment are classically understood by mentioning to the behavioral chart in which the data is shown graphically. For example, the ‘number of lectures’ can be plotted on the x-axis and the ‘number of times hand raised before answering a question’ can be plotted on the y-axis. The effectiveness of IV can be measured by the direction of the behavior before and after the experimental condition was implemented. Statistics are not usually used to understand the outcomes of single subject experiments but if the slope of curve moves upwards and becomes steeper it means that Rachel raised her hand before answering a question a greater number of times after the implementation of experimental conditions than she did under the baseline conditions. A distinct slope is stronger indication that the behavior is varying than if the slope is a gentle one. (Strain) ABA Change Format An ABA design is such type of single subject research design in which contributors are first presented to a baseline state (A). In the baseline state, no treatment or experimental variable is presented. After this the participants obtain the experimental state or treatment (B), after which they arrive to the baseline condition (A). The ABA design enables the experimenters to detect behavior before treatment, throughout treatment and after the treatment. To establish a course of action or experimental conditions to rectify Rachel’s behavior is important to first establish goals, that is, what is hopped to be accomplished after the experiment or what kind of short term and long term behavioral changes are expected to be demonstrated by Rachel. Short term Rachel raises her hand to answer and awaits her turn to speak in class. Rachel stops talking to her peers unnecessarily during lectures or pass notes to her friends. Rachel concentrates more on what is being taught and improves her grades. Long term Rachel discontinues all problem behavior and learns to follow the discipline and norms of any institute that she may attend after graduating and develops a sense of responsibility and maturity. Teachers are faced with challenges even before they begin to educate students. Not only are teachers responsible for teaching the core academic subjects such as reading, math, science, and social studies, but teachers are also presented with nonacademic challenges that influence their instruction (Lassen, Steele, Sailor, 2006). First of all, in the face of discretion Rachel cannot be made to feel the center of attention or that steps to rectify her behavior are being taken. As this can cause her to rebel and worsen the condition by making her behavior more extreme. Secondly, sending Rachel to the office every time she demonstrates any kind of problem behavior must be terminated. It only makes her feel like she is being bullied or unfairly targets. Under both these scenarios Rachel’s behavior cannot be improved or rectified. A more group focused approach is required for positive results. The entire class should be told what kind of behavior constitutes as acceptable or unacceptable in class with a set of rules mandatory for all to follow under the pretense that problem behavior will lead to negative marking which will affect their grades. Another approach can be to reinforce positive behavior instead of punishing negative behavior. Students who behave in a desirable or exemplary manner in class can be rewarded via a small token of appreciation, which be wither verbal appreciation, a piece of candy or deciding which chapter to be quizzed on. The teachers can be as creative as they like. Bibliography Sachse-Lee, C. (n.d.). A Meta-Analysis of Single-Subject. Retrieved March Sunday, 2014, from http://ldx.sagepub.com/content/33/2/114.short Strain, S. L. (n.d.). Evidence-Based Practice in Early Intervention/Early Childhood Special Education: Single-Subject Design Research. Retrieved March Sunday, 2014, from http://jei.sagepub.com/content/25/2/151.short How Can a Midwife Support the Family? How Can a Midwife Support the Family? Title: Describe the positive and negative aspects of being in the NUCLEAR FAMILY. How can the midwife support the NUCLEAR FAMILY. Undergraduate Degree Level Essay 2,500 words Essay The family unit is an entity which is defined by environment and culture as much as behaviour. Different civilisations and cultures will define â€Å"the family† in different ways. Economic considerations are often paramount in the transition from an extended family to the nuclear family and social commentators often refer to the difficulties in establishing a new household base (in areas of high rent or commercial property value) as being one of the major obstacles to the emergence of the nuclear family as the common features of society. To quote Margaret Mead: Nobody has ever before asked the nuclear family to live all by itself in a box the way we do. With no relatives, no support, weve put it in an impossible situation. It is not surprising perhaps that members of the nuclear family can find themselves in emotional and practical turmoil. (Mead M 1972) Cultural factors may also be significant such as the Hindu â€Å"joint family† where a marriage will being two family groups together as one family unit. (Bengtson V L 2001) The first task in this essay is to describe and define the nuclear family. It first appeared in the scientific literature just after the war and was used to describe the family structure of a mother, father and their children. A formal definition could be: The nuclear family is a social group characterised by common residence, economic cooperation and reproduction. It contains adults of both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially approved sexual relationship, and one or more children, own or adopted, of the sexually cohabiting adults. (Murdock, G P 1949). In modern social literature it is also sometimes used in the context of stable single parent families or families where the parents are a non-conjugal couple. In this essay we shall consider the nuclear family to be in the original Murdock tradition. In the context of the implications for midwifery, we should also consider the implications of a being nuclear family. The literature often describes its positive features as including being a haven which encourages intimacy, love and trust where individuals may escape the competition of dehumanising forces in modern society†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ a place for escape from the rough and tumble industrialised world, and as a place where warmth, tenderness and understanding can be expected from a loving mother and protection from the world can be expected from the father. (Popenoe D 1997) The family life was famously pilloried by Nancy Mitford in her autobiography: â€Å"The great advantage of living in a large family is that early lesson of lifes essential unfairness.† (Acton H 1999) Although this was clearly intended as a flippant comment, one can suggest that the concept of the family as a haven is still both admitted and encouraged by social scientists, but in modern UK society the mechanisms of social protection and support that are currently available to most somewhat reduces the role of the father as â€Å"protector† and some commentators now add the concept of facilitating the ideal of personal fulfilment (or family fulfilment) as being the major role of the family unit The media would have us believe that society is decaying (The Guardian 2004) and cite the suggestion that the move towards self sufficiency, personal gratification and the move away from the extended family unit is evidence of that degeneration. The transfer of responsibility for the elderly from the family to the state and, to a lesser extent, the responsibility for childcare being assumed by the state is often put forward as further evidence of that decline. Such considerations are of peripheral importance to this essay and therefore will not be discussed further. We can examine the factors which are relevant to the change in prevalence of the nuclear family however, and these are often cited as Increase in sole occupancy dwellings and smaller family sizes Average age of marriage being older Average number of children decreasing and first birth at later age The historical pattern of fertility. >From baby boom to baby bust (instability) The ageing population. The trend towards greater life expectancy. Rising divorce rates and people who will never marry. (after Kidd K E et al. 2000) Clearly many of these factors have a resonance in the field of midwifery and we shall discuss them further. We should note however, that despite comments being made about the move away from the nuclear family structure that in the UK it is still the most prevalent stable family structure accounting for in excess of 70% of all households. If we consider briefly how the nuclear family developed, we can look back to the days of the industrial revolution when social scientists point to the move from the extended family unit to a mobility dictated by the absence of a welfare state and family members moving to live with others who were in employment. Such changes were seen as an influence to extend and modify the family unit as a whole. As the welfare state evolved, the economic pressures referred to above became less of a compelling factor and the nuclear family emerged. Some commentators use the term â€Å"dispersed extended family† due to the fact that a nuclear family is now able to keep in functional contact with other family members through the medium of telephone, fast easy travel and now email (Shaw M et al. 2002) Other factors that have changed and that are relevant to our considerations here are the relationships between parents and their children. In the past it was comparatively common to find that parents had children for economic reasons and were typically very authoritarian. The advent of social prosperity and the social support mechanisms available to UK households now mean that the economic necessity for having children is no longer viable. Parent / child relationships are said to be more loving and warmer and children are typically allowed a longer period of childhood in modern day life. There is also a considerable body of evidence to show that children are dependent on their parents for much longer than they used to be.(Wilkinson R et al. 1998) We should not suggest that this comparatively rosy assessment of the nuclear family is the only consequence of social evolution. We can point to evidence that the traditional order of life events marriage, sex and children is becoming progressively reordered. Marriage is progressively less likely to come first and progressively more likely not to happen at all. In the last three decades the levels of cohabitation has trebled and the number of babies born outside marriage has increased fivefold. In the same period the number of single parent families has increased by a factor of three. Other significant statistics are that over the last 30 years the divorce rate has doubled which currently has the effect of finding that 50% of children under the age of 16 have had to live through their parent’s divorce. The midwife is often central to the portal of support systems to the newly pregnant mother and thereby to the family. The possibilities of interaction between the midwife and the family are virtually endless and the opportunities for support and guidance at a vulnerable time in life are legion. (Pennebaker J W et al. 2002). We shall therefore use a few examples by way of illustration. One of the prime reasons cited for relationship breakdown is depression in one or both partners. This is a well recognised sequel of childbirth and the midwife can clearly play a major role in spotting the early signs, enlisting prompt intervention and offering support to the whole family unit in such circumstances. (Davidson L 2000) One recent paper examined the role of the midwife in actually preventing (or minimising) the onset and severity of post natal depression with the simple expedient of holding â€Å"debriefing† sessions. (Small R et al. 2000). The aim was to allow the mother to verbalise her experiences and to gain support and empathy from the midwife. The paper was both long and involved but, in essence, it examined the practice of debriefing, which has been successfully employed in other fields of healthcare as a means of reducing the burden of psychological morbidity, in its application to the field of midwifery. The authors point to the fact that there has only been one other qualitative trial in this area in the field of reproductive medicine and that was after spontaneous abortion when it was found to have a marked beneficial effect. (Bland J M et al. 2000) This particular paper emphasises the role that the midwife can play in providing support. The significance is that the debriefing process, as such, does not measurably reduce the incidence of maternal depression but that the support that was provided was found to reduce the psychological distress felt by the mothers. The downside of such an intervention is that it can be seen as causing introspection and medicalising of the patient’s symptomatology. Empathetic handling and a sympathetic approach would clearly be part of the midwife’s clinical acumen (Lavender T et al. 1998) and nearly all of the women who underwent the debriefing sessions said that they found then helpful. In terms of bonding and fostering the loving relationships that were commented on earlier, one could postulate that the role of the midwife in the promotion of breastfeeding activities is fundamentally important. The literature does not show any good evidence base for this hypothesis, mainly because of the fact that it would be both hard to quantify and measure, but the trial from Graffy (J et al. 2004) does support the fact that positive help and advice from healthcare professionals in the immediate postnatal period helps to promote maternal bonding which, in turn is associated with and increase in bonding in later life (Hamlyn B et al. 2000). Curiously enough the trial did not find that the intervention significantly increased the rate of breast feeding, which may be a reflection of the fact that the modern mother in the UK is bombarded with promotional messages about breast feeding from many different sources and the intervention of the midwife is not fundamentally critical to achieving this goal. The mothers interviewed afterwards who were successful in their attempts at breast feeding commented on the fact that they felt emotionally satisfied with a greater frequency than those who were not able to do so. >From the point of view of our considerations here we should note that there were a significant number of women (26% in this trial) who positively refused any help or support from any of the healthcare professionals, and this group may well benefit from careful handling and empathetic intervention in the pregnancy when the midwife is the main healthcare professional in contact with the expectant mother. The midwife has a number of constraints upon her professional involvement and, generally by virtue of time constraints she has little time to act as a councillor to the family’s problems. We should therefore consider the effect of the modern concept of the seamless interface of care and multidisciplinary team working. (Kvamme O J et al. 2001). If the midwife is working in the hospital setting and becomes aware of family difficulties she should consider it part of her professional remit to pass on her concerns and knowledge to other appropriate professionals in the healthcare team whether that is at the level of the primary healthcare team or to a specific councillor or other related agency. Clearly this is easier if the midwife is already working in the community setting (Haggerty J L et al. 2003) as both continuity and coordination are more easily controlled The thrust of this essay is to suggest that a role of the midwife is to support the newborn child as it begins its presumptive relationship with its new family and this can sometimes best be achieved by supporting the family unit during and after the birth of the child. In this regard we could finish this examination of the nuclear family with a comment from Pearl S. Buck who criticized the current system on part of emotional security aspects. He said The lack of emotional security of our young people is due, I believe, to their isolation from the larger family unit. No two people no mere father and mother as I have often said, are enough to provide emotional security for a child. He needs to feel himself one in a world of kinfolk, persons of variety in age and temperament, and yet allied to himself by an indissoluble bond which he cannot break if he could, for nature has welded him into it before he was born. (ODQ 2004) References Acton H 1999 Nancy Mitford: A Biography (Paperback) Macmillan : London 1999 Bengtson V L 2001 Journal of Marriage and Family ; Feb 2001 ; 63 , 1; Bland J M , J. Lumley, and R. Small 2000 Midwife led debriefing to reduce maternal depression BMJ, December 9, 2000 ; 321 (7274) : 1470 1470. Davidson L 2000 Psycho-social interventions in maternity care; the need for evaluation BMJ, 22 Dec 2000 Pg 24-7 Graffy J, Jane Taylor, Anthony Williams, and Sandra Eldridge 2004 Randomised controlled trial of support from volunteer counsellors for mothers considering breast feeding BMJ, Jan 2004 ; 328 : 26 ; Greif, Avner (2005). Family structure, institutions and growth: The origins and implications of Western corporatism Health Bull 2005 ; 39 : 166-72. Haggerty J L, Robert J Reid, George K Freeman, Barbara H Starfield, Carol E Adair, and Rachael McKendry 2003 Continuity of care: a multidisciplinary review BMJ, Nov 2003 ; 327 : 1219 1221 ; Hamlyn B, Brooker S, Oleinikova K, Wands S. 2000 Infant feeding 2000. London: Stationery Office, 2002. Kidd K E, Altman D G. 2000 Adherence in social context. Control Clin Trials 2000 ; 21( suppl 1) : S184 7. Kvamme O J , F Olesen, and M Samuelsson 2001 Improving the interface between primary and secondary care: a statement from the European Working Party on Quality in Family Practice (EQuiP) Qual. Health Care, Mar 2001 ; 10 : 33 39. Lavender T, Walkinshaw S A. 1998 Can midwives reduce postpartum psychological morbidity? A randomized trial. Birth 1998 ; 25 : 215 221 Mead, Margaret. 1972 Blackberry Winter: My Earlier Years. New York : William Morrow Company, Inc., 1972. Murdock, George Peter (1949). Social Structure. New York: The MacMillan Company. 1949 ODQ 2004. Hamlyn : London 2004 Pennebaker J W, A. L Teixeira Jr, H. Alvarenga-Silva, and A F Schilte 2000 Somatisation in primary care BMJ, March 2, 2002 ; 324 (7336) : 544 544. Popenoe D 1999 Can The Nuclear Family Be Revived? Society Volume 36, Number 5 / July 01, 1999 Pages: 28 30 Shaw M, Dorling D, Mitchell R. 2002 Health, place and society. Harlow: Pearson Education, 2002. Small R, Judith Lumley, Lisa Donohue, Anne Potter, and Ulla Waldenstrà ¶m 2000 Randomised controlled trial of midwife led debriefing to reduce maternal depression after operative childbirth BMJ, Oct 2000 ; 321 : 1043 1047. The Guardian Saturday September 25, 2004 Wilkinson R, Marmot M, ed. 1998 Social determinants of health. The solid facts. Copenhagen: WHO, 1998 : 308. ################################################################ 8.12.06 Word count 2,576 PDG

The Cage of Love Essay -- Love is a Prison

Why is it that heartache almost always precede after the act of first love? Things would be simpler if timing were not a crucial factor in romance. If love would transcend our different points in our foreign journeys. Rob, you say you are ready to take the fateful jump, but won't do it lonesome. Love, you say, is a two way thing. Your vision and hopes are turning bleak and suspenseful now; you never imagined it like this. But what do you do with all your passion and smitten feelings and sentimental attachment about this relationship when you have to face the possibility that it will not go your way this time? Will you hold on to them and wait, suffering in silence? Or at last, will another road be taken? I believe that the crossroads after heartache is this: to move on from what the universe that brought you (appreciate the lesson) or to engulf yourself with sadness (hold on to it so tightly for months). I know that there are few issues that will destroy you faster than matters of the heart. You are, after all, an emotional, albeit resilient being. Over the years, I've held ...